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Specific gravity of the fluid being pumped directly affects a pump's performance and power requirements.  Slurry pumps are an application where the specific gravity difference between the slurry and pure water has an impact on the pump. In this case, the specific gravity of the pumpage can be estimated based on the amount of solids by weight and by volume in the pumpage. The specific gravity of water is 1.0.  Specific gravity is defined as the density of a given liquid divided by the density of water. The specific gravity of cooking oil is .92 and the specific gravity of ammonia is .662.

The total dynamic head (TDH) output of the pump is the same regardless of the specific gravity of the liquid. However, the pressure output of the pump and input power requirement varies with specific gravity, according to the following equations:

The NPSHR for a particular pump typically stays the same for different specific gravities. However, with hydrocarbons, the NPSHR may be reduced by referring to published charts.

Efficiency does not depend on specific gravity, but temperature changes that affect viscosity may change the efficiency. Very hot water affects efficiency due to the change in viscosity.

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